kojiro 1232233530 learn Unnecessary use of echo -- really the pipe is the problem. Echo is cheap, pipes are expensive. kojiro 1232233604 forget meatmanek 1232233649 learn Unnecessary use of echo -- The syntax `echo foo | bar` uses a pipe, which is expensive. Use a here string instead: `bar <<< foo` kojiro 1232569284 forget kojiro 1232569364 learn Unnecessary use of echo -- "echo foo | bar" uses a pipe, which generates an implicit subshell, which changes the variable scope. Pipes are also expensive. Use a here string instead: "bar <<< foo". See http://wooledge.org:8000/BashPitfalls